The study of cellular immune function and its clinical significance in patients with liver cancer combined with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To investigate the difference of cellular immune function between liver cancer patients complicated with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism and healthy people, and its significance for clinical evaluation and treatment.Methods Twenty-seven liver cancer patients complicated with liver cirrhosis were selected. The cellular immune function of peripheral blood, liver and spleen tissues detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were compared between patients and healthy cases. The correlation of the immune indexes between peripheral blood and liver and spleen tissues in patients was analyzed.Results Compared with healthy controls, in the peripheral blood of the patients, the percentage of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T cells were lower, and the percentage of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was higher. Besides, the cellular immune function in the liver and spleen tissues of these patients was poorer compared with healthy population.Conclusion The cellular immune of liver cancer patients complicated with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism is dysfunctional.

Key words: Liver cancer, Liver cirrhosis, Hypersplenism, Cell immune function

JIA Zhe, ZHANG Ke, HUANG Rong-hai, HE Rong, LU Yan, JIANG Li. The study of cellular immune function and its clinical significance in patients with liver cancer combined with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism[J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(6): 632-637.

References

[1] Mahipal A, Tella SH, Kommalapati A, et al. Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is There a Light at the End of the Tunnel. Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11.
[2] Busato D, Mossenta M, Baboci L, et al. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2019, 12: 453-470.
[3] Eggert T, Greten TF. Tumor regulation of the tissue environment in the liver. Pharmacol Ther, 2017, 173: 47-57.
[4] Tahmasebi Birgani M, Carloni V. Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18.
[5] Roth GS, Decaens T. Liver immunotolerance and hepatocellular carcinoma: Patho-physiological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Cancer, 2017, 87: 101-112.
[6] Schrader J, Iredale JP. The inflammatory microenvironment of HCC - the plot becomes complex. J Hepatol, 2011, 54: 853-855.
[7] Zhang Q, Lou Y, Bai XL, et al. Immunometabolism: A novel perspective of liver cancer microenvironment and its influence on tumor progression. World J Gastroenterol, 2018, 24: 3500-3512.
[8] Hirakawa Y, Ogata T, Sasada T, et al. Immunological consequences following splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med, 2019, 18: 848-856.
[9] Sakaki M, Hiroishi K, Baba T, et al. Intrahepatic status of regulatory T cells in autoimmune liver diseases and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatol Res, 2008, 38: 354-361.
[10] Dooley S, Ten Dijke P. TGF-beta in progression of liver disease. Cell Tissue Res, 2012, 347: 245-256.
[11] Unitt E, Marshall A, Gelson W, et al. Tumour lymphocytic infiltrate and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. J Hepatol, 2006, 45: 246-253.
[12] Hashimoto N, Shimoda S, Kawanaka H, et al. Modulation of CD4(+) T cell responses following splenectomy in hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol, 2011, 165: 243-250.
[13] Sumida K, Shimoda S, Iwasaka S, et al. Characteristics of splenic CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion in patients with hepatitis C. Clin Exp Immunol, 2013, 174: 172-178.
[14] Kudo M. Immuno-Oncology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2017 Update. Oncology, 2017, 93 Suppl 1: 147-159.

[1]	YU Rui, SUN Qian, SHI Qiang-wei, WANG Chun-feng, YAO Jian-ning, ZHANG Lian-feng. Sarcopenia may predict the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(6): 602-605.
[2]	ZHAO Kai, XUE Jin-feng, XUE Peng-fei, CHANG Peng. Effect of apatinib on angiogenic factors of patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(6): 628-631.
[3]	YANG Qing-xi, SU Ji-liang, SUN Zhong-wen, LIU Yuan-xun, HU Wen-juan. Clinical characteristics of 21 liver cancer patients complicated with cerebral infarction [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(6): 642-645.
[4]	LI Fei-long, ZHANG Zi-qian. A study about the potential influencing factors for short-term mortality risk of metastatic liver cancer complicated with hepatic encephalopathy [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(6): 646-649.
[5]	BAI Yan-feng, HE Ling-ling, WEI Hong-shan. An analysis of the possible causes of low liver stiffness measurement in patients with esophageal and gastric varices bleeding [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 490-493.
[6]	DU Ju-jie, ZHENG Hong, LI Jin. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in evaluating collateral circulation and predicting esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 505-509.
[7]	LIAO Xin-ai, FENG Hui-juan, ZHUO Chuan-shang, YE Zhi, LIU Li-juan. Detection and clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary liver cancer [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 514-517.
[8]	WANG Chuang-sheng, SUN Jie, SHI Jia. Effect of water isolation technology in MWA treatment for primary liver cancer on the 3-year prognosis of patients [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 527-529.
[9]	SHEN Yu, WAN Wei, LI Quan-xi, WU Xing-xing. The influence of different degrees of cirrhosis on the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 530-533.
[10]	JI Xiao-mei, SHAO Chun-yan, JI Hao-ming, GHAO Chun-yan. Effect of sequential treatment of human albumin on liver function and prognosis in patients with primary liver cancer complicated with cirrhosis after radiofrequency ablation [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(5): 534-537.
[11]	WANG Hua-qiang, XIE Fang, SHENG Yun-feng, ZHENG Wen-kai, LI Ping. Influencing factors and etiological characteristics of bloodstream infection in patients with liver cirrhosis [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(3): 252-254.
[12]	CHEN Xu-feng, XU Ya-feng, ZHOU Zhi-hua, XIANG Zheng-guo, TANG Xiao-long, YANG Sheng-lan, ZHENG Yang. An analysis for the risk factors of post-operative complications in patients with liver cirrhosis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(3): 259-261.
[13]	DONG Xiao-feng, YANG Ying-hao, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jian-bin, ZHU Xiao-hong, LIU Da-da, LIANG Dong. Current status for the treatment of primary liver cancer and an exploration of multidisciplinary team model [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(3): 262-265.
[14]	CAI Ming-yue, JIANG Kai, XU Meng-lai, JIANG Jun-lin. Consistency analysis of liver tumor volume between 3D reconstruction via 3D visualization technology and postoperative measurement [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(3): 276-280.
[15]	WANG Yu, DONG Chun-ling, YU Yi-li, GU Hong-tu, ZHAO Chang-qing, MU Yong-ping, YUAN Ji-li, LV Jing, TAO Yan-yan, LIU Cheng-hai. The clinical significance of liver reserve function for evaluating the severity of esophageal and gastric varices in patients with liver cirrhosis [J]. Chinese Hepatolgy, 2021, 26(2): 147-150.